VETERINARY TECHNIQUES IN LLAMAS AND ALPACAS. 2ND EDITION

Preface xi
• Section I Behavior and Capture Techniques 1
1 Behavior and Capture Techniques 3
• Section II Physical Restraint and Injection Sites 9
2 Haltering 11
3 Manual Restraint 14
4 Chute Restraint 21
5 Ear Squeeze (Ear Twitch) 24
6 Injections—Subcutaneous (SC), Intramuscular (IM), Intradermal (ID), Intravenous (IV) 26
• Section III Chemical Restraint and Anesthesia 31
7 Sedation and Tranquilization 33
8 Injectable Anesthesia 37
9 Orotracheal Intubation 41
10 Nasotracheal Intubation 45
11 Percutaneous Tracheal Intubation (Also Referred to as Retrograde Tracheal Intubation) 48
• Section IV Catheterization 53
12 Vascular Catheterization—Jugular Vein 55
13 Vascular Catheterization—Cephalic Vein 61
14 Vascular Catheterization—Saphenous Vein 63
15 Vascular Catheterization—Lateral Thoracic Vein 65
16 Vascular Catheterization—Auricular Artery and Vein 67
17 Vascular Catheterization—Femoral Artery 69
18 Intramedullary Cannulation of the Femur for Administration of Parenteral Fluids 71
19 Intraperitoneal Cannula for Plasma or Fluid Administration 75
20 Caudal (Sacro-coccygeal) Epidural Anesthesia 78
21 Epidural Catheterization 80
22 Lumbo-Sacral Epidural Anesthesia 85
• Section V Head and Neck 89
23 Anatomical Features of the Head and Neck 91
24 Dental Examination and Trimming 95
25 Tooth Extraction—Oral Approach 100
26 Tooth Extraction—Lateral Approach to Premolars and Molars 105
27 Examination of the Ear 110
• Section VI Skin 115
28 Anatomical Comments on the Skin 117
29 Skin Scraping 121
30 Skin Biopsy 124
31 Toenail Trimming 128
• Section VII Respiratory 131
32 Thorax Anatomy and Auscultation 133
33 Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy 135
34 Field Diagnosis of Choanal Atresia 139
35 Transtracheal Wash 143
• Section VIII Abdomen 147
36 Anatomical Comments on the Camelid Abdomen 149
37 Abdominal Ultrasound 152
38 Abdominocentesis 157
39 Liver Biopsy 161
40 First Compartment Paracentesis (Rumenocentesis) and Fluid Evaluation 165
41 Intubation of the First Forestomach Compartment (“C1” or “Pseudorumen”) 169
42 Laparotomy—Lateral Approach 173
43 Laparotomy—Ventral Midline 180
44 Laparoscopy 186
45 Creation of Stoma into First Forestomach Compartment (“Rumenostomy”) 191
• Section IX Musculoskeletal 195
46 Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Ambulation 197
47 Regional Intravenous Drug Perfusion 200
• Section X Urinary System 203
48 Urinary Tract Examination and Anatomy 205
49 Urethral Catheterization 208
50 Ultrasound of the Urinary System 212
51 Cystocentesis 217
• Section XI Female Genital Anatomy 221
52 Comments Regarding Female Genital Anatomy 223
53 Pregnancy Diagnosis 226
54 Procedure: Vaginoscopy and Uterine Culture 232
55 Teat and Udder Examination 236
56 Mastectomy (Udder Amputation) 239
57 Cesarean Section 243
58 Diagnosis and Management of Uterine Torsion 247
• Section XII Male Genital Anatomy 253
59 Male Genitalia Anatomical Comments and Breeding Behavior and Soundness 255
60 Examination of the Penis and Prepuce 258
61 Examination of Accessory Sex Glands 261
62 Examination of the Scrotum and Testicles 264
63 Semen Collection and Evaluation 267
64 Castration 272
• Section XIII Nervous System 277
65 Neurological Examination and Anatomy 279
66 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection and Interpretation 283
• Section XIV Ophthalmology 287
67 Eye Exam 289
68 Nasolacrimal Duct Cannulation 293
69 Conjunctivorhinostomy for Alleviation of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction 295
70 Ocular Extirpation 298
71 Subpalpebral Lavage System 301
72 Conjunctival Pedicle Graft 305
• Section XV Miscellaneous 309
73 Blood Transfusion 311
74 Plasma Transfusion 315
Index 317

Veterinary Techniques in Llamas and Alpacas
Practical resource for how-to information on performing hands-on procedures in llamas and alpacas, with step-by-step descriptions, photographs, and practice tips.
Thoroughly revised to reflect new techniques, knowledge, and research, the Second Edition of Veterinary Techniques in Llamas and Alpacas provides practical step-by-step descriptions of techniques ranging from routine to not-so-common, helping veterinarians to confidently handle and perform common medical and surgical procedures in llamas and alpacas. To aid in practical application, hundreds of high-quality color photographs demonstrate the steps for each technique, making it a useful patient-side resource. Organized by body system, the book encompasses techniques associated with the physical exam, anesthesia, ultrasound, surgery, and more.
Veterinary Techniques in Llamas and Alpacas presents a wide range of techniques, including:
• Physical restraint and injection sites, including manual restraint (standing, sternal recumbency (“cushed”), and lateral recumbency), chute restraint, and ear squeeze
• Catheterization, including jugular, cephalic, saphenous, lateral thoracic, auricular vein, auricular artery, femoral artery, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, and caudal epidural
• The abdomen, including ultrasonography, abdominocentesis, liver biopsy, first forestomach compartment paracentesis, and intubation of the forestomach
• The female genital system, with information on anatomical considerations, pregnancy diagnosis, vaginoscopy, teat and udder examination, mastectomy, c-section, and uterine torsion

The Second Edition of Veterinary Techniques in Llamas and Alpacas is an essential resource for veterinary practitioners with a camelid caseload, with accessible information and detailed picture-based tutorials on how to perform key procedures.